A number of treaties agreed by member states define these central powers wielded from Brussels. The former East Germany was admitted as part of reunified Germany in 1990. In the 1980s and 1990s it gained political substance as members transferred some powers to it, and it increasingly became characterized by regulation, including of energy. The UK joined in 1973 but left in January 2020 following a national referendum in 2016 on its membership. Since six countries founded it in 1958 as the European Economic Community free trade area, it has acquired more members, and in 1993 its name became European Union (EU). The European Union (EU) comprises 27 countries across continental Europe which are committed to working together and sharing unrestricted trade. NB please consult individual country papers for country-specific details, this is simply an overview. Electricity markets are a key to the future of reliable generation capacity, including nuclear.A substantial degree of transmission interconnection exists in western Europe, but much more investment is needed.Very different energy policies pertain across the continent and even within the EU, but attention is now being given to an EU Energy Union.Nuclear provides half of low-carbon electricity. The EU depends on nuclear power for one-quarter of its electricity, and a higher proportion of base-load power.

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